From ¥700 Pack Tees to a ¥66,000 THE ROW: A Designer Picks Apart Ten White T-Shirts

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Overview

Can a white T-shirt really be judged the way you'd judge a jacket? Fashion designer Shunsuke Ishikawa, who has worked as a designer for 25 years and runs the brands MARKAWARE/marka and cash&barba, argues that it can. In this session, he and co-host Eddie look at ten white tees arranged by budget, from a three-pack Hanes at about ¥700 per shirt to a THE ROW tee at ¥66,000. The point is not to name one winner. Ishikawa wants to show that white tees that look nearly identical differ a great deal in raw material, yarn, knit, collar construction, and pattern, and to say plainly where the price is justified and where it isn't. He also recommends his own brands' products twice along the way and says so openly.

24 min read

What to Look For in a White Tee

Before the individual shirts, Ishikawa sets out the criteria he uses throughout.

The first is fabric, which covers three things: the yarn count (how thick the yarn is), the raw material the yarn is spun from, and the knit gauge (how finely it is knitted). Most tees use plain jersey, the most basic knit, but gauge and yarn still vary widely.

The second is the collar: what material it uses, how thick it is, and how it is attached. The body and collar usually use different knits, and Ishikawa treats the collar as the place where craftsmanship shows most clearly.

The third is color. Pointing to the shirts lined up behind them, he notes that some are a stark optical white and others lean toward a yellowish ecru. The difference comes from bleaching and finishing treatments.

The fourth is silhouette: waist shaping on designer pieces, straight and boxy cuts, wide bodies, and above all the shoulder and sleeve construction. He comes back often to two pattern terms. The shoulder slope is the downward angle from neck to shoulder tip. The sleeve cap height determines whether the sleeve sticks out horizontally in a literal "T" or hangs down along the arm.

Finally there is sheerness, which he calls the thing people worry about most when wearing a white tee on its own.

¥2,000 Budget: Hanes Red Label, the Archetypal American Tee

The first shirt is the Hanes Red Label crew neck three-pack, about ¥2,052 as a reference price, or roughly ¥700 per shirt. Ishikawa calls it "the staple of staples" and uses it to explain what makes an American tee.

He estimates the yarn at around 24 or 26 count. American makers, he says, like "odd counts" that fall between Japan's standard 20 and 30. The cotton is, in his view, a blend from various growing regions, since fairly thick yarn can be spun from shorter, cheaper fibers. He stresses that this is not a defect but normal practice. As an example he cites denim from a European high-end maison, which he says mixes American, Indian, Turkish, and at times Brazilian cotton, though he adds that Brazilian cotton has "gone bad lately" and is used less.

The yarn is open-end spun, which gives a slightly gritty texture. Ishikawa says open-end spinning is about three to five times faster than ring spinning, and that the lower cost is why American basics use it so much. Because the yarn is a single (unplied) yarn, the knitted fabric tends to torque, so the sides twist in one direction much as denim does. Hanes avoids the visible effect with a tubular body: the fabric is circular-knit and used as a tube with no side seams, and sizes are set by the dimensions of the knitting machine. With no side seam, you don't notice the twist. The shirt is also preshrunk, which Ishikawa takes to mean the fabric was washed and pre-skewed at the fabric stage.

On sheerness, the gauge is loose and he says the nipples show clearly when it is worn. He accepts that, since the product is positioned as underwear.

The silhouette is what makes it classically American in his reading. The shoulder slope is nearly flat and the sleeve cap is low, so the sleeves stick straight out in a true T shape. The body is about 49 cm across (98 cm around) and the shoulders are 44 cm, a snug, underwear-like fit. The cuffs and hem are finished with single-needle stitching.

The change he notices most is the collar. As he remembers it, older Hanes used a "tako binder" (tape) on the back neck with chain stitching visible on the front. Now self-jersey is laid over and folded down, and the collar is much firmer. He guesses the number of yarn ends in the rib was increased. The Hanes collar people used to stretch out on purpose now resists stretching. He also recalls that in the '80s people often wore it on its own with the sleeves rolled.

¥3,000 Budget: Fruit of the Loom and the Poly-Cotton Question

The Fruit of the Loom value three-pack costs about ¥2,750, roughly ¥900 per shirt. The main difference from Hanes is the fiber: 65% polyester, 35% cotton, which the Japanese industry calls "TC" (the "T" being Tetron, which Ishikawa believes is a polyester trademark). The gauge is about the same as Hanes or slightly looser, so it is also quite sheer when worn.

Ishikawa tried it on and reports that after years away from poly-cotton tees, he finds it prickly. He recalls an older blue-tag Hanes with polyester that he bought and couldn't wear. He suspects his dry skin makes him sensitive to this.

He had expected Hanes and Fruit of the Loom to be almost interchangeable and found them quite different side by side. The Fruit of the Loom collar is the traditional kind that stretches out loosely, which some people will enjoy for the nostalgic, saggy look. The pattern is more fashion-conscious: a clear shoulder slope and a much higher sleeve cap than Hanes. It has side seams instead of a tubular body, so he expects some twisting. The polyester gives it a slightly limp drape but keeps its shape, which he calls easy-working. It is made in China. The cuffs and hem are twin-needle, and it still has the tako binder he remembered from old Hanes: chain stitch visible from the front and tape covering the seam allowance from the back neck to the shoulders so it doesn't rub the skin.

¥5,000 Budget: Comme des Garçons SHIRT "Forever" and SZ Jersey

The first single-shirt purchase is the Comme des Garçons SHIRT Plain Cotton Jersey "Forever" at ¥6,600. Ishikawa says this is unusually cheap for Garçons and guesses it may be the cheapest item carrying the name. He suspects the brand intends it as an undergarment, though it works on its own.

The white here is optically brightened. Cotton is naturally yellowish, and a slightly bluish brightener makes it look crisp. He argues this is practical rather than a drawback. Stain soaps like Utamaro contain optical brighteners, which is why they are blue, so a brightened shirt can be washed with such products and bleached firmly, which helps keep it white.

The detail he spends the most time on is the fabric, which he identifies as SZ jersey. Normal yarn is Z-twist (right-twist), and S-twist goes the other way. A circular knitting machine feeds in over thirty yarns at once and knits about thirty courses per rotation. Alternating S and Z yarns cancels out the springback that makes single-yarn jersey torque. That means a thick, inexpensive single yarn can be used without the fabric skewing. Ishikawa says this is not as costly as it sounds: he estimates the yarn at around 30 count, and many spinners already stock S and Z twist at that count because standard French terry uses Z-twist face yarn and S-twist middle yarn.

He also points out the resemblance to Sunspel: a narrow 1 cm binder collar, made in Portugal, and a Sunspel-like silhouette. He mentions a rumor that Sunspel makes it under contract and says it might be true. The price gap, in his account, comes from material. He believes Sunspel's Classic tee uses roughly 80-count two-ply extra-long staple cotton (the brand originally started with Sea Island cotton), and Garçons cut that cost.

The body is 55 cm and the shoulders are 47.5 cm, with a fairly low sleeve cap, so it fits more loosely than the underwear-like Hanes and can be worn alone.

A note on sheerness

Here Ishikawa addresses sheerness for the whole lineup: basically every tee in the video shows through. In his view, a white tee that doesn't show through needs a yarn of around 20 count or thicker, knitted tightly. Men who want to wear white tees often put a tank top underneath, or they can use nipple covers, which he notes are widely available for men. He himself doesn't mind and wears them without worrying, but thinks some consideration for others may be worthwhile.

¥10,000 Budget, Part 1: KANEMASA PHIL.'s 46-Gauge Pack Tee and a Collar Complaint

The KANEMASA PHIL. 46G cotton tee comes as a two-pack for ¥9,900, and Ishikawa was surprised at how cheap that is. He describes 46 gauge as about the finest gauge a machine can knit natural fibers on. He praises the hand feel and calls it a good fabric and a good tee overall.

His criticism is the collar, which repeats a point he says he made in an earlier T-shirt episode. The collar is self-fabric: the same jersey as the body, not the rib (a sideways-stretching double-knit) that every previous shirt used. At this collar width, he says, it catches when you pull it over your head. It also stands up, doesn't stretch well, and won't settle; even pressed, it shows wrinkles along the top edge. He argues that a cut-and-sew and knit specialist like KANEMASA should pay attention here. He adds that thin, tight 46-gauge fabric is very hard to handle, so this is exactly where skill and care show. Using the body fabric as is and making a binder collar that stands up is, for him, a "no, no, no."

The good points he lists: the 46-gauge fabric feels excellent on the skin, and the boxy silhouette (body about 58 cm, shoulders about 50 cm and slightly dropped, sleeve cap set a little high for that width) is easy to wear on its own.

¥10,000 Budget, Part 2: cash&barba's Sea Island Cotton Tee

Ishikawa admits it is awkward to follow that criticism with his own brand's shirt: the cash&barba Sea Island Cotton 46G Jersey Regular Fit Tee at ¥16,500, about three times the price of the KANEMASA tee. It uses 100% Sea Island cotton, which he says is why it costs what it does.

It is also 46 gauge, knitted from a 60-count single yarn. He notes that a tee at that count normally wouldn't hold up, and that about 30 count (roughly twice as thick) would be typical. Knitting it tightly at 46 gauge is what keeps sheerness low. He describes the hand and the softness after washing as extraordinary and points to a visible sheen. Because it is single yarn, some torque is to be expected, but he says the tight gauge keeps it surprisingly small and that ironing can correct it.

He puts the most emphasis on the collar, explaining that his criticism of KANEMASA came from wanting to make a "proper" tee. He and production team member Sakurada knitted and benchmarked rib samples many times, looking for the thinnest rib that would match the body fabric without over-stretching. The collar is serged on. Because the tightly knitted body fabric is prone to puckering, they tested repeatedly to get a clean curve. The back-neck binder needed twin-needle stitching to lie flat on this thin fabric, so he added stitching he normally wouldn't use. He says this development cost is not loaded into the retail price, only the normal cost ratio. Every color is knitted and dyed as fabric, and all of them are Sea Island cotton.

The body is 54 cm with a carefully calculated shoulder slope, designed to look clean worn alone. The original purpose was different, though. cash&barba is a cashmere brand that makes very thin cashmere, and Ishikawa wanted a tee thin enough to wear underneath without disturbing the outer layer, which is why they chose 46/1. He says he has long struggled with what to wear under cashmere. A chunky 20-count tee is too bulky, and wearing cashmere on bare skin can prickle for some people and, worse to him, soils the knit. His conclusion is that the price is worth it for a tee at this level under cashmere.

He plugs the release (Friday, June 12, in white, brown, navy, and black) and jokes that the channel runs on these plugs while spending far more than it earns. He particularly likes the navy, which has a slightly reddish, eggplant cast, and suggests the brown under the brand's recent short-sleeve brown knit.

¥10,000 Budget, Part 3: James Perse and the Soft, Airy Classic

James Perse's Basic Crew Neck T-shirt (MMJ3311) costs ¥13,200. Ishikawa calls the brand the absolute staple of thin tees, around since about the '90s, and on the designer side one of the representative white tees alongside Hanes. He notes that people don't talk about it much anymore.

He estimates the count at about 30, a slightly thin jersey with good material. Its signature soft, airy feel and drape likely come from slightly low-twist yarn, and he thinks that is what made it popular.

The collar is self-fabric, the type he dislikes, made from the same loose, low-twist jersey. Pressed, it wrinkles a bit along the top from the difference between inner and outer circumference. But he concedes that it settles when worn because the body fills it out, and it doesn't stand up like the KANEMASA collar. Some brands used to choose self-fabric collars deliberately for this mood. He says he doesn't dislike this one, and thinks the way it settles may explain the shirt's long popularity. The front of the collar is angled slightly forward so it sits cleanly around the neck.

The fit is slim by current standards: body 52 cm, shoulders 47 cm landing right at the shoulder edge, and a high sleeve cap. It also has waist shaping, which he says has become rare: the waist is about 2 cm narrower than the chest, then widens again by about 2 cm toward the hem. It is slightly sheer, and as a single-yarn fabric it skews noticeably. He points out that the grain is already at about a 15-degree angle, with a single-yarn unevenness he associates with its soft, airy character.

¥20,000 Budget: MARKAWARE's "Strongest" Thin Tee

For ¥20,000, Ishikawa says he searched for a good tee from other brands and nothing clicked, which surprised him. He ended up choosing his own: the MARKAWARE Organic Giza 80/3 Jersey "Survival Cloth" Regular Fit Tee at ¥18,700. He jokes that the change is enough for ramen on the way home.

His claim is that it is the strongest of thin tees. The cotton is organic Egyptian Giza 92, which the brand buys directly in Egypt. He describes it as one of the higher-volume Egyptian extra-long staple (ELS) varieties. He had long heard that ELS cotton is the strongest but hesitated to say so without data. He says the empirical data has recently come together, so he now feels able to state that it has overwhelmingly the highest tensile strength, and that Giza 92 stays durable even spun very fine. The fabric also plies three 80-count yarns together (80/3), and he says three-ply is stronger than two-ply. Strength matters because a tee gets washed after every wear.

The fabric has some body and firmness but a very clean surface. The yarn is compact-spun, a type of ring spinning that tucks fuzz inside the yarn, and the fabric is also gassed to burn off remaining fuzz. He says this keeps it from pilling or losing its sheen through washing and has made the shirt well received.

The fit is what the brand calls regular: body about 52–53 cm, shoulders about 47 cm. The sleeve cap is set a bit low so the sleeve flares out slightly, which he finds cute in a firm fabric. The collar is curved to follow the neck. When Eddie remarks that regular fit looks more grown-up, Ishikawa agrees and describes a shift. For about ten years, wide, oversized tops were mainstream. Now, he feels, the mood is to keep pants wide but slim the top down a little.

¥30,000 Budget: Jil Sander and the Designer Tee

At this price, Ishikawa says, you reach the basic tees of overseas brands. His pick is the Jil Sander cotton crew neck at ¥27,500.

The body is about 55 cm, a little more relaxed than before, but the 45.5 cm shoulders are snug, and he calls the shoulder area very Jil Sander. The sleeve cap is dramatically high, over 10 cm, so the sleeve falls straight down. He explains that a high cap normally makes the hem ride up when you raise your arm. The sleeve here isn't wide, and raising the underarm point can offset some of that, but he still says this is not a shirt for reaching up to a train strap. It is for holding the pole by the door "with a refined sort of poise." It has a proper shoulder slope, and he classes it as a designer tee.

The collar is 2.8 cm, serged on. The standing label makes that area a bit scratchy. The signature feature is the collar curve, tipped firmly forward so the neckline looks clean. He thinks it is a little more restrained than in earlier versions, though the chest is somewhat larger, and it holds the neck snugly without becoming a mock neck. He wonders whether older versions had an even cleaner neckline. He also notes an inconsistency: designers who use a thicker collar usually widen the cuff and hem finish to about 2.5–3 cm to match, but here it is only 2 cm, and he isn't sure why.

His main complaint, which he apologizes for with a laugh, is that the shoulder seam allowance is routed toward the back. He understands the reasoning: done the usual way, the allowance can show and the shoulder tip can separate slightly. He would prefer that problem be solved in the sewing, because a back-routed allowance leaves an impression mark when ironed, which forces you to use a pressing cloth. He urges viewers to iron thin tees, and says he always designs his own with the seam on top for ease of care.

He owns and wears the Jil Sander tee and values that it has no logo. He says the no-logo version is often out of stock. He liked an earlier shape, but when he went to buy it only logo versions were left. He and Eddie agree that a Jil Sander tee is recognizable by its shape alone and conveys that you're wearing something proper, so a large logo only adds embarrassment.

¥50,000 Budget, Part 1: Sunspel's Silk-Cotton-Cashmere Tee

Sunspel's Silk Cotton Cashmere T-shirt costs ¥41,250. When Eddie asks whether there's any justice in that price, Ishikawa answers that you can assume there isn't, then promises to praise it later.

The blend is 78% cotton, 14% silk, 8% cashmere. His criticism is that the silk and cashmere blended into cotton are not the quality you would find in a garment made entirely of either. He says the cashmere isn't especially fine and the silk is spun silk, meaning fiber left after filament reeling, cut into staple, and blended in. He then describes what he calls a serious situation in the silk market. Raw silk is the continuous filament from a cocoon, about a kilometer long per cocoon. The leftover silk noil is normally spun into yarn. He says the waste silk has now become more expensive than raw silk, a reversal he calls absurd, and that spun yarns in general have gone up. He grants that the hand is very nice but thinks ¥40,000 is a bit much.

The silhouette is the usual Sunspel shape, with differences that suggest it was designed to be worn alone. The cuffs and hem use a slim four-needle finish about 2.5 cm wide, where he says the regular Classic is narrower, and the hem has side slits like a polo shirt. The biggest difference is a serged-on rib collar. He says he has pointed out many times that Sunspel's binder collars are clean but its attached rib collars have always been baggy and lifted. This time, possibly because the fabric recovers better or because the Portuguese factory has improved, he says he is seeing a clean attached collar on a Sunspel tee for the first time.

He stresses that the criticism comes from affection. He owns many Sunspel tees and thinks he may be among the heavier buyers in Japan. His conclusion is that Sunspel is fundamentally a luxury underwear maker, and at ¥40,000 this is less a practical undershirt than one for people who like Hermès-level goods, to wear underneath and wash hard as underwear.

¥50,000 Budget, Part 2: THE ROW "Luke" and What the Money Pays For

The last shirt, chosen as "fitting for this channel," is THE ROW's Luke Cotton T-shirt at ¥66,000. Ishikawa says the brand began with T-shirts around 2006 and that Luke, introduced for men in 2011, is the staple tee it has made continuously since.

The name comes from Savile Row, and he asks where the Savile Row is in a tee. There isn't much, he says, but one feature is a center-back seam with no side seams. Many Japanese brands made tees this way from the '90s into the 2000s. The difference here is that the seam is a flat-felled lockstitch seam, the kind used on a dress shirt's side seams, which he supposes could be called a tailoring technique. He believes it is made in Italy and finds the sewing clean and careful.

The body is about 52 cm, relatively tight by current standards. The sleeve cap is quite high, though less than Jil Sander's. The collar is very narrow, about 1.5 cm, and serged on. The back of the collar is folded down with stitching above and below the fold, and the shoulders are twin-needle stitched to hold the seam allowance flat.

His main objection is the material. It is officially Supima, and he believes the fabric is Italian-made. He explains that Supima costs a bit more than ordinary Pima because it is certified to the Supima Association's standards, but is still relatively cheap and easy to source among extra-long staples. His reasons: American cotton is machine-harvested because labor costs make hand-picking impossible, and US agricultural support includes substantial subsidies for cotton. He estimates Supima can cost about a sixth of other good ELS cottons, and questions whether it belongs in a ¥60,000 tee. He finds it lacks the smooth, supple feel of the better cottons shown earlier. He assumes the brand uses it because it likes it, and notes that THE ROW tees in better materials exist but cost around ¥100,000.

He then estimates what his own team could sell this shirt for: "ten-something thousand yen." That would include some extra labor for the center-back lockstitch and, by his account, a much more expensive fabric than THE ROW uses. The remaining 80 percent of the price, as he puts it, is "faith," or perhaps something closer to an offering. He says he has spent a fair amount on THE ROW and owns quite a few pieces. He finds it genuinely impressive that the brand has taken such simple clothing this far, and says a big reason he buys it is to understand how the brand builds and sustains its fantasy. In that sense, he says, he pays his offering willingly.

Wrap-Up: Choose Seriously, Wear It in the Heat

The closing is loose. Ishikawa says he has wrapped up already, and Eddie points out that the summary still hasn't been done, after roughly 170 episodes. His impromptu one-line summary is that white tees are the basics of fashion, so choose them seriously.

Asked whether he wears white tees mostly on their own or as a layer, he says that in summer he wears them on their own, especially on frequent production trips to hot countries, where he lounges around in a single tee, though often a black one. He adds that on one recent trip he stopped in Korea for spot removal on his arms and was told to avoid sunburn, so he wore a black Pertex hoodie and a deconstructed shirt in peak heat, which made it far worse. The episode ends with a request to help the channel reach 100,000 subscribers. Until then, he says, he'll keep calling himself a "YouTuber apprentice."