Lost Landscapes of San Francisco at 20: Rick Prelinger's Crowd-Narrated Tour Through a Century of Found Film

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Overview

For two decades, archivist Rick Prelinger has assembled a yearly compilation of archival San Francisco footage and shown it to a live audience in a theater. The format is unusual: most of the film is silent, and the audience provides the soundtrack. At the opening of this twentieth-anniversary screening, presented December 3, 2025 at the Herbst Theater for Long Now Talks, Prelinger reminded the room of the rules. They should identify places, people and events, comment on what they see, argue with each other, and call him out when he gets something wrong, which he said "is not uncommon." He warned that this year's show was "a little bit different" and that he was taking "a bit of a risk," though he did not say exactly what the risk was. His framing was simple: "This is your show, and this is your city."

22 min read

What follows reconstructs the evening's arc from Prelinger's commentary, the audience's shouted identifications, and the few passages of original sound. The film runs roughly chronologically, from early-twentieth-century street scenes to 1990s video and contemporary footage. Along the way Prelinger keeps returning to a few themes: labor and political resistance, the communities that won or lost places in the city, infrastructure that has disappeared, and the families whose home movies make up much of the archive.

Opening at the Western Edge: Lands End, Ocean Beach, and Old Leisure

The film opens at the ocean. Prelinger asked how many people had walked the coastal trail from Lands End, then pointed out that the footage showed the railroad the trail was later built on. When he asked "Western historians" to name it, audience members identified it as the Ferries and Cliff House line and said it washed out in 1925. Prelinger added that the route is "now prime selfie territory." Images followed of a saltwater pier and the Ocean Beach Pavilion.

A cable car sequence, filmed with the camera mounted on the car, came from what Prelinger called the best scan in existence, made by Adrien Finelli, who was in the audience. The crowd debated locations: one voice proposed Jefferson Square, another Pacific Avenue. A short clip of dancers came from "a longer and very lovely little film," and Prelinger said he still had no definitive identification of the performers. He asked anyone who knew to tell him. A mashup-style film that "obviously mixes up east and west" prompted an audience question about whether a scene showed a bath or a cave, which Prelinger said he couldn't answer.

The lighter moments included a newsreel on the "Battle of Garbage Hill," an annual brawl between freshmen and sophomores at the University of San Francisco. The ammunition was "elderly tomatoes and other ancient fruit" and "grandfather eggs," and the narration described it in mock-epic terms before announcing that "it finally finishes in a draw."

Prelinger noted that Fleishhacker Pool turned 100 this year, "even though most of it doesn't really exist anymore." When an audience member asked where it was, others answered that it was by the zoo and is now a parking lot. Footage of Stow Lake, which Prelinger said is now called Blue Heron Lake, showed trees and stones that he said are still there, only a bit more overgrown. Someone in the crowd called out Strawberry Hill.

The 1934 Waterfront Strike as Media Event

The first extended political section covered the 1934 waterfront strike. A newsreel soundtrack described rioting spreading along the waterfront, police firing tear gas, "three deaths" and "over a hundred wounded" in a day's fighting, and troops sent by Governor Merriam to patrol the piers while a national longshoremen's board appointed by President Roosevelt tried to settle the dispute. Audience members tried to locate the street scenes and suggested Howard and Steuart or Howard and Beale.

Prelinger then cut to home movies of the National Guard occupying San Francisco, drawn from Scott Stark's collection. He pointed to a detail on screen: microphones set up for the newsreel companies. "This is a media event that's being created here," he said. After images from after the strike, he joked about the strikers' "suspicion of the media for some reason," adding that "some things remain the same."

1935: A Nazi Warship, a Mayor, and Dockworkers Who Refused

Also from Scott Stark's collection came footage of a 1935 visit by a Nazi German naval ship, which carried out maneuvers in the bay. Prelinger said the leftist dock unions and longshore workers refused to unload it, so the sailors had to do it themselves. The audience applauded.

He then spoke about Mayor Angelo Rossi, who "was said to have been a big admirer of Mussolini," though Rossi denied it. According to Prelinger, three banners hung on City Hall during the visit: the U.S. flag, the German imperial naval flag, and the swastika. The film showed Rossi with a flower in his buttonhole. The footage was shot by a German living in San Francisco who "loved the sailors," and Prelinger said he had "spared you like eight minutes" of that material.

Chinese San Francisco Organizes, and a Housing Project Follows

The next section followed Chinese San Franciscans during the Sino-Japanese War. Prelinger explained that this was the first time Chinese residents expressed themselves politically in public on a large scale, after having been intimidated from doing so "for a lot of reasons." The footage showed what he described as a hugely successful benefit parade and, later that year, pickets against ships carrying scrap metal to Japan, where it would be made into weapons.

Prelinger connected this visibility to a concrete result, while marking the claim as secondhand ("it is said"): it finally got Chinatown its first housing project, Ping Yuen, because politicians realized "that Chinese people were important for the first time." Later in the film he returned to the story with a silent newsreel about Ping Yuen. It showed the mayor and the first tenants, the Wong family; the husband was a waiter and the wife a white-collar worker, though Prelinger said he had forgotten her specific job. He called the project "a direct result, I think, of the visibility in 1937 and 38." Audience members discussed where the building sits, and someone translated the name. Prelinger repeated the translation as "happy housewives" and admired the kitchens.

The 1939 Fair, the Clipper, and the Transbay Terminal

A home movie shot by people riding a boat to the 1939 World's Fair on Treasure Island included brief glimpses of the fair itself. Prelinger singled out "a really, really rare shot": an RCA television demonstration. He said he hadn't known whether this had happened in San Francisco. There was no commercial broadcasting at the time, he explained, but RCA did remote broadcasts from the fairs in San Francisco and New York. When someone mentioned Clipper Cove, he described the flying boats that left from there as "a romantic and extremely expensive way to travel": to China in about eight days, with stops at many islands along the way.

Rail footage followed, including a meeting of Key System and Southern Pacific trains and the interior of the Transbay Terminal, whose construction date the audience worked out as 1939. Prelinger noted that some of this was 8mm film, meaning the original image was only four or five millimeters wide before being enlarged. He presented it as an example of "how good the scans can be." An audience member recommended the Western Railway Museum near Rio Vista.

A Family Prosthetics Business South of Market

Tina Hittenberger, who was in the audience, contributed a film about her family's business, a respected South of Market prosthetics maker whose motto was "limp in, leap out." Prelinger said that although the film shows work with traditional materials, the company did "extremely advanced" research and production. Hittenberger said from the audience that the business closed in 1985.

A Wedding at What Became the Internet Archive

Prelinger admitted to including a very short, unclear fragment, "like the Zapruder film," only a few frames long, for personal reasons. It shows a wedding at Funston and Clement, with a bride walking into the building that is now the Internet Archive. He said the audience would understand why he wanted it in. The Clement Street streetcar was visible nearby, and the crowd applauded when the building came into view.

Chinatown and Downtown in 1940 Kodachrome

Several filmmakers contributed color footage of Chinatown by day and by night in 1940. Prelinger stressed that none of it was colorized. It was shot on Kodachrome, which he said went on the market in 1935, with colors becoming stable around 1938. He pointed out Japanese businesses that operated in Chinatown and closed after 1942, as well as the Chinese Telephone Exchange with its small Bell System lanterns.

The night footage came from Kenneth Nettleton, an accomplished Amateur Cinema League member who made many travelogues and dramas. The downtown scenes set off a burst of audience identifications: Lotta's Fountain (someone noted it turns 150 this year), the "roar of the four" Market Street tracks, the Palace Hotel, Mason Street, Bimbo's 365 Club when it was still on Market, the Emporium, crowds on Powell Street, and a largely undeveloped Twin Peaks. An audience member explained the old streetcar color scheme, with Market Street Railway cars white-fronted and Municipal Railway cars dark, and asked whether he had it right.

The Cemeteries Beneath the City

Prelinger said he "had to put in" a film by John O'Gorman, later known as John Gorman, a photographer for The Examiner who also made independent and commercial films. He shot it with a friend in one of the old cemeteries. For newcomers, Prelinger explained that Lone Mountain and the Laurel Village area used to be cemeteries: "when you go to Trader Joe's or Laurel Village, you know, there's bones under you." He said it took a long time after the cemeteries closed to move the remains and demolish the monuments, and that fragments can still be seen in city parks and at the Wave Organ. An audience member added that kids used to go into the cemeteries to drink.

Home Movies of Everyday Life

A large share of the film came from family collections, and Prelinger treated them as central to the project. A wartime home movie at the zoo was one he admitted he "didn't know what to do with," but he included it because "we love dogs" and because it was nice to see the faces of people eating lunch. The Chatello family's footage, shot around the Crocker-Amazon district, drew cheers. The Gomez family's film showed brothers brushing their teeth. An unidentified family from the Portola District appeared at St. Elizabeth's Church, which the audience identified. Prelinger said he had "looked and looked and looked on Facebook" for this family without success. He noted it was the same family seen earlier with "the grandmother with the turkey leg."

He mentioned several times that families or their descendants would attend the following night's screening, which suggests that tracking down the people in the footage is an ongoing part of the work. The Hemtock siblings, Bob and Patricia, appear in a travelogue their father made just before Bob went into the Air Force. Prelinger called the film "rather wonderful and slightly flaky" and described the two as "the influencers, I guess" of the film. He said he found them, and that they now live in Marin County and would come the next night. The Amoroso family, "a family that knew how to live," lived in the southeastern part of the city, and their footage later showed the Cow Palace, the Mayfair Market, housing against the hillside, and the now-gone Visitation Valley tower. An audience member praised the footage as showing "neighborhoods that aren't photographed enough."

Census, Deportation, and the Last Penny from the Mint

A census promotional film urged viewers to "cooperate like a good American." Prelinger used the district maps in it to point out areas that were still not built up, and the audience called out Sunset Boulevard, Washington High School, and "my house."

Prelinger then showed footage that he said was not from San Francisco and whose location he did not know, but that he "felt the need to use." It documented the mass deportation to Mexico of what he described as many hundreds of thousands of people, some of them citizens, carried out "willy-nilly." He added dryly, "That'll never happen again," which drew laughter; an audience member called out "Department of Injustice."

A newsreel with sound followed, reporting that after 100 years the San Francisco Mint was "down to its last cent." According to the newsreel, penny production ended when the copper blanks ran out, silver coinage had been suspended a week earlier, and the stated reason was the cost of shipping pennies east, where they were mostly used. Long-serving employees watched the last batch.

The Embarcadero Freeway and the Caltrans Archive

The Embarcadero Freeway appeared several times. First came a feature-film outtake of it under construction; Prelinger did not know which film it came from, and remarked, "Nobody likes the Embarcadero Freeway." He described the small businesses around the waterfront that served sailors, maritime workers and commuters when the ferries still ran, and said the neighborhood "went way down" after the bridge was completed. An audience member added that it was also a gay district, and Prelinger repeated the point.

He then introduced Caltrans' official documentation of the freeway, from what he called a giant collection now held by Prelinger Archives and being shown for the first time in Lost Landscapes. Later he described its scale: six or seven thousand rolls covering every California highway, filmed every three years from 1970 to 2004. "And boy is it beautiful," he said, adding that they have started scanning it. A segment from around 1973 invited viewers to "watch carefully for some of your favorite eating places," and the audience called out Clown Alley and Doggie Diner. One person suggested making a GeoGuessr game from it; Prelinger joked that it was "kind of be your own AI."

A promotional film about the last ferries gave the official version of the transition. Its narration described taking "the last ferry boat," with the "mighty" freeway cutting across the path and the bridge as "the giant that doomed the picturesque ferries."

Other scenes from this period included footage outside the Transbay Terminal, where audience members placed the terminal drugstore and an arcade "above which was the loft where the mutants lived." Prelinger also showed landscape travelogues by a filmmaker he identified as Henry Fleer, known as Henry Charles, who he said loved the color red and nearly always worked some into his scenes. Prelinger said he once asked him about it and he never admitted to it.

1966: Heckling the American Nazi Party at Civic Center

One of the most pointed sections came from a reel of home movies that recently turned up on eBay. It "begins with a cat and it continues into a Nazi rally." Prelinger explained that it shows George Lincoln Rockwell, head of the American Nazi Party, who drove his motor home to San Francisco to speak at Civic Center in late 1966. A group of longshore workers and San Francisco State students "made sure that he could hardly get a word in." Prelinger called the footage impressionistic and said he had cut it down. He pointed out the party member introducing Rockwell, the motor home, and swastikas at City Hall. He described the counterprotest as "the anti-fascist movement of 1966," and noted that Rockwell himself was "not on stage for very long."

BART, Military Police, and Other Institutions

A short section on military police showed MPs appearing wherever a service member might get into trouble, back when the military bases were active. A BART promotional film described the project as "this century's most challenging experiment in mass transit." According to its narration, schoolchildren turned the first shovel of earth on Market Street in July 1967, and crews had to deal with a ten-foot layer of pipes, cables and conduits laid down by 200 different companies over the years.

The Black Panther Party and the San Francisco State Strike

An outtake from a film by the Newsreel collective showed members of the Black Panther Party doing daily political work in the Western Addition. It drew cheers. Prelinger pointed out artwork by Emory Douglas, "He's still creating," and an audience member said someone in Oakland has the famous chair.

Newly discovered, freshly scanned news footage covered the San Francisco State strike. It included an interview with Dr. Carlton Goodlett, who, Prelinger noted, published the Sun-Reporter, the city's Black newspaper. Asked why S. I. Hayakawa's response was not acceptable, Goodlett said he had not yet read it because he had come from Mount Zion Hospital, that the demands had to be considered at a meeting of the BSU, the Third World Liberation Front and the Black community, and that the community did not want to set policy but to support students in presenting their demands. He argued that students had the right to strike if their demands were not met, and that "this is a union town," so the labor movement should support them. He said the City Hall demonstration was aimed at Mayor Alioto, who he said was trying to thwart a Labor Council strike vote, so that the mayor could hear the demands firsthand. The report was signed off by Belva Davis for Eyewitness News. Prelinger noted that she had died a month or two earlier.

From the Air, Alcatraz, and Neighborhood Activism

Footage by a friend of Bob Hillman, who was in the audience, came from a ride in the Goodyear blimp over the southeast of the city: the railyards, the Hunters Point shipyard and Candlestick Point, and later downtown, where the audience called out the Bank of America building and "just like in Dirty Harry." Prelinger noted that you could smoke on the blimp "because it's helium," said he had cut a lot of the film, and said it would be put online.

The Alcatraz section covered the Native occupation, including "Indian Land" painted on the island and a clip Prelinger said the audience had seen before but "is always worth looking at," of Native activists being ferried to the island by an ally. It was filmed by Oswald Sykes, whom Prelinger called "an amazing, amazing man" and whose daughter Kim may have been present. Prelinger said the boat is now run by the original skipper's son. He said Sykes filmed many important events in the city, including following Earl Caldwell, the Black New York Times reporter who embedded with the Black Panther Party and covered the Angela Davis trial. Prelinger recommended looking up Caldwell's work in the Times archive.

Material shot by the Mission Media Arts Collective included a pro-choice demonstration and American coots. Prelinger said the collective's archive, which his group will put online in partnership with them over time, is "an incredible record of daily life and activism in the Mission, in Chinatown and in other neighborhoods," full of ambient footage. An audience member noted that some of it is already available at SF State. Further clips included footage by Olivia Teter, whom Prelinger thought might have been a student, and a home-movie parade found on a street corner by Ariel Dovas, which Prelinger called "a great treasure."

Art, Comedy, and the Late Twentieth Century

A documentary segment followed an artist named Ruth working with first and second graders at a San Francisco elementary school. The children made murals from baker's clay, a mix of flour, salt and water, and she used them to make molds for casting a fountain. In the film she recalls proposing to work with a fantasy world and being told by the architect that "the real San Francisco is more fantastic than anything we can invent."

A comic Hi8 video from one of the audience's "favorite filmmakers," whose early tapes are being preserved, depicted a reunion at the Cafe San Francisco. It included a phone call, a meddling mother, a woman who now goes by "Susanna" rather than "Jane," and an order for Perrier because "caffeine ups my muscle tone." Someone in the audience noted that it predated the smartphone by four years.

Closing: Owning a Landscape by Filming It

The last sections turned to contemporary filmmakers who document the city themselves. A clip from Jenny Olsen contained the evening's most explicit statement about why anyone films San Francisco's landscapes. In her narration she describes filming them since shortly after she arrived, calling it "a completely impossible and yet partially successful effort to stop time." She says she preserves them "in the amber of celluloid" so she can re-experience "dappled sunlight, the calm of a warm afternoon, and the framing of an alley as it recedes into the distance." The images, she says, are both "a reminder of what once was" and "a prompt to appreciate what now is," and she ends with the idea that as the city possessed her, she possesses it in return.

The film ended with Vincent Woo's work, which Prelinger said is online and "you must see," set to music and loud cheering. Prelinger thanked the audience and the patrons, whose ticket purchases the event description says fund about a quarter of the Prelinger Library's annual budget. He closed with his usual send-off: if he didn't see them at the second screening the next night, he would see them next year. Several threads were left open, as they are each year: unidentified dancers, a Portola family he has not been able to find, families expected the following night, and large collections such as the Caltrans highway films and the Mission Media Arts archive that are only beginning to be scanned and released.